![]() On average, the 2 Noah scheme was better at modeling meteorology and air quality. Long-term (mean monthly) air quality variables were better modeled by the 1 5-Layer and 3 RUC options. It was found that the meteorological and short-term air quality variables were better modeled through the 2 Noah scheme. For this purpose, we modeled the meteorological and air quality variables during September 2014. Pleim-Xiu land surface model (4 Pleim-Xiu)-from the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem V3.2) model for the purposes of atmospheric modeling in Cuenca, which is a region with a complex topography and land use configuration and which is located in the Southern Andean region, in Ecuador. ![]() rapid update cycle (3 RUC) land surface model and 4. unified Noah land surface model (2 Noah) 3. 5-layer thermal diffusion scheme (1 5-Layer) 2. A proper representation of surface interactions is a crucial component for numerical atmospheric and air quality modeling. Surface interactions occur near the land-atmosphere interface, thus affecting the temperature, convection, boundary layer, and stability of the atmosphere. Red rectangles indicated the domains for modeling: Master domain (70 × 70 cells, 27 km), first subdomain (52 × 52 cells, 9 km), second subdomain (61 × 43 cells, 3 km), internal subdomain (100 × 82 cells, 1 km). Nomenclature of stations: MUN, Municipio EHS, Escuela Héctor Sempértegui ECC, Escuela Carlos Crespi CCA, Colegio Carlos Arízaga MAN, Machángara CEB, Cebollar BAL, Balzay VEG, Vega Muñoz TET, Terminal Terrestre EIA, Escuela Ignacio Andrade MEA, Mercado El Arenal BCB, Bomberos CHT, Colegio Herlinda Toral LAR, Calle Larga MIS, Misicata CRB, Colegio Rafael Borja EIE, Escuela Ignacio Escandón EVI, Escuela Velasco Ibarra ODO Facultad de Odontología ICT, Ictocruz. The others are passive stations for monitoring monthly-mean O3 and NO2 values. At the Historic Center MUN station (2500 masl) provides short-term air quality levels and meteorology. (d) Urban area of Cuenca and the air quality stations (red dots). For tourists, local buses won't be the safest methods of transportation.Location of: (a) Ecuador and (b) Cuenca. Tip: Public transportation, to get around in a city, is usually slow and crowded, but it is also very cheap. As a reference, an inter-provincial bus ticket can be as low as $7 to $20. In fact, some of them look like shopping centers. Usually prices dependent on the distance between places. Main cities as Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca, and Puerto Ayora have a big bus terminal. A bus station, known as bus terminal - "terminal de buses" or "terminal terrestre" in Spanish. For example, expensive means is more comfortable and with toilets and air conditioning. Their services may vary in comfort and facilities, you can not this in the ticket price. ![]() ![]() Although keep in mind that there are many different bus companies that go to the same place. The bus system in Ecuador is not as complicated as it seems. Buses are the cheapest and popular form of transportation between destinations. Looking for a guide of bus stations in Ecuador? Here is a helpful list of inter-provincial bus stations in Ecuador. ![]()
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